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HANDBOOK 
OF 

Shoe Factory 
Engineering 



UNITED SHOE MACHINERY 
COMPANY 

BOSTON -- MASS. 

Prepared and Issued by the 
Department of Agencies 






Copyright, 1916, by 

United Shoe Machinery Company 

Boston, Mass. 



@0U«H4371 



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INTRODUCTION 

The material and data contained within this little book 
are the result of many years' investigation and experience in 
the designing and equipping of modern factories — particularly 
as applied to the manufacture of shoes. 

The remarkable economies and increased efficiency to be 
obtained by conducting manufacturing operations in buildings 
especially designed to meet the particular requirements of the 
industry with full consideration paid to the modern develop- 
ment of those important elements which have to do with 
light, heat, power, equipment and interior organization, have 
but recently attracted the attention of shoe manufacturers. 

The remarkably rapid growth of the shoe manufacturing 
industry during the past fifteen years has afforded shoe 
manufacturers but slight opportunity for investigation in 
this important field, the increased demand for more space 
being ordinarily met by building additions to old plants. In 
a constantly increasing number of instances, however, this 
expedient has reached its logical limit and brought those 
concerned in the factory management face to face with the 
building problem. 

Anticipating this tendency in the evolution of the industry, 
the experts of the Department of Agencies have from its 
inception been closely in touch with every phase of its develop- 
ment and plans for many of the factories of most modern 
construction have been prepared by them. 

The services and experience of these experts are at the 
disposal of the Company's patrons and the constantly increas- 
ing demand for data in this connection has brought this little 
book into being. 

With a full realization of the proportions of the problem and 
the impossibility of treating in more than a general way at this 
time so vast a subject, the important information it contains 
is submitted as a basis for more detailed and thoughtful 
consideration. 



AN IDEAL SHOE FACTORY 



THE BUILDING 

If no disturbing conditions or requirements intervened and 
the manufacturer was able to accept the following specifica- 
tions (detailed explanation of which appears on another page), 
he would have a factory, ideal in construction and arrangement. 
It is seldom indeed that this ideal condition can be found, 
but the details should be modified only as necessity requires. 
The ideal factory would conform to this schedule: — 

Shape: Rectangular 

Width: 40 to 50 feet inside 

Length: As per capacity, up to 1,000 feet 

Number of Floors: 

3 Floors and Basement 
Top Floor — Cutting and Upper Fitting 
Second Floor — Lasting and Making 
Street Floor — Finishing, Dressing and Packing 
Basement — Stock Fitting, Sole Leather Cutting and 
Storage 
Altitude of Floors: 

9 feet, 6 inches (minimum.) 
11 feet, 6 inches (ideal) 
Floor Strain: 

150 pounds per square foot 
Tower: One to every 300 or 400 feet. Located in the centre 
of side, 40 feet by 40 feet 
Its function; 

Elevators, stairways, toilets, coatrooms, etc. 
Windows : 

As many as possible 
Sawtooth roof 
Construction material : 

Relative as to locality 



Cost; approximate. 

Concrete — cost $1.25 square foot 

Brick — cost $1.00 (150 pounds) square foot 

Wood —cost $ .75 to $ .90 (150 pounds) square foot 
Approximate number of feet necessary per pair of shoes: 

Welts — 15 square feet 

Turns — 15 square feet 

McKay — 10 to 12 square feet 

Standard Screw and Pegs — 10 to 12 square feet 

Stitchdowns — 8 to 10 square feet 
Offices: 
Location : 

Separate Building 

End of building, first floor 
Provision for Employees' Welfare: 

Rest room, restaurant, recreation room, hospital, etc. 
Storage for Material: 

Separate building 

Small supply of finished and raw stock in factory 
Humidifying Room: 

Important for the proper conditioning of sole leather, 
waxes, threads, counters, etc. 

Size of room as per conditions. 



In the consideration of a shoe manufacturing plant, the 
first problem which presents itself is: "What shape shall it be?" 

„, . "What is the best?" Years of experience 

Shape and , . , , , , .. , 

„. have proven that a rectangular shaped build- 

ing, from forty to fifty feet wide with the 
length up to the limit of one thousand feet, works out to the 
best advantage. Fifty feet in width is practically the limit for 
a factory where only one row of posts is desired for support in 
the middle, and fifty feet is preferable to forty, due to the fact 
that it allows ample room for the storage of shoes awaiting 




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their operation and gives plenty of aisle space for the incoming 

and outgoing racks. As it is well known that the central 

portion of a shoe factory is not light enough for machine 

operation, the rectangular shaped building should need no 

further defence. 

Three stories and a basement is the best height for the 

building. If we add another floor, or floors, the strain 

TT .^, ^ becomes so great that the cost of construction 

Height . • 11 mi- ' , 

increases materially. The best arrangement 

for the operation in three stories, due to the fact that the 

natural sequence of operations follow logically and there is, 

therefore, less handling of the shoes, is as follows: 

Top Floor Street Floor 

Cutting Finishing 

Upper Fitting Dressing 

Packing 

Second Floor Offices 

Lasting 

Making Basement 

Stock Fitting 

Sole Leather Cutting 

Storage 

The altitude of the floors should not be less than nine feet, 

six inches; and eleven feet, six inches is ideal. The latter 

.- _ allows for better ventilation and light, and 

Altitude . i , , i i 11 

gives ample head room under the pulleys, 

belts, etc., for the operatives. 

The tower in connection with any manufacturing plant, 
especially the shoe plant, is modern and a feature that, if 
„ properly located and designed, is well nigh 

indispensable. It should be on the outside, 
in the centre of the building if under five hundred feet in 
length, or there should be a tower for every three or four 
hundred feet. Forty feet square is the ideal size. By the 
use of this, or these towers for the location of elevators, stair- 
ways, toilets, coat rooms, etc., the main factory is left entirely 
for the purpose for which it was intended; viz — the manu- 
facture of shoes. 



When designing a factory as much window space as possible 

should be provided. There is no one who will argue that you 

__ 7 . , can have too much light. The roof should be 

Windows . , , b , . . , 

of the sawtooth construction, admitting the 

north light in order that the central portion of the room will 
be as well lighted as the sides. This allows for the best pos- 
sible arrangement of the benches in the Upper Fitting Room. 

There are three choices as to what is best to use for material 
in the construction of a shoe factory. Concrete is fire-proof, 
requires less upkeep and admits of the lowest 
rate of insurance, but costs more to construct 
in the beginning. It is possible with concrete 
to allow room for more window space than with any other 
material. 

Brick, with the beam and girder construction is the second 
choice, at a little less figure than the concrete. 

Wood is the last choice. It costs two-thirds as much as 



Building 
Material 




LUPTON STEEL SASH FOR SIDE WALLS 
11 



■■IB 1 * 



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POND CONTINUOUS SASH IN SAWTOOTH ROOF 
CONSTRUCTION 



the concrete, but would require a high rate of insurance and 
constant repairs. 

The location of the factory would influence materially the 
decision as to which of the three above types would be most 
desirable. 

The prices of material will vary greatly in different sections 
of the country. 

The offices, if possible, in a large manufacturing plant should 
be in a separate building, in order that they may be away from 
the noise and leave additional room for the 
manufacturing. If, however, the resources of 
the manufacturer are limited, the best place for the offices is 
on the street floor at one end of the building. 

Most employers of labor in these modern times plan for 
their employees' welfare by the installation of rest rooms, 

12 



Offices 



Employees 
Welfare 



hospitals, restaurants and recreation rooms, 
and in designing a new factory it would seem 
a mistake to leave this feature without con- 
sideration. It is hard to say what is the best location. If it 
were a city factory, a portion of the top floor would probably 
be the best, due to the fact that there would be more light and 




HOSPITAL AT PLANT OF U. S. M. C. BEVERLY, MASS. 



air, but if in the country perhaps the conveniences of a properly 

arranged basement might be more desirable. 

The manufacturer of shoes should not use his manufacturing 

plant, for which he charges himself a fair rental rate, for the 
use of storage of material, and never should 
he carry in his plant more than a week's 
supply of raw material or finished goods. 

If it is necessary to stock material in large quantities, either 

finished or raw, a separate building or a rented loft should 

be arranged for at a much less cost than which he charges 

against himself for manufacturing. 

13 



Storage of 
Material 




ONE OF THE LOCKER AND WASH ROOMS AT 
U. S. M. CO. FACTORY 



Provision for a suitable sized-room for the proper condition- 
ing of leather should be arranged for in which a moistening 
or humidifying machine can be placed. This 
room should be located near the assembling 
department, and the soles, counters, etc., 
sent from there to the various departments as per the require- 
ments. 



Humidifying 

Room 



DESCRIPTIVE DETAILS OF TEMPERING ROOM 

It is beneficial in the conditioning of leather: — Welting, 
leather for soles, counter blanks, etc. — when the temper is 
once reached, to retain its mulled condition, without having 

14 




HUMIDIFYING ROOM IN FACTORY OF LUND & SWEET, 
AUBURN, ME. 



recourse to wetting again, and to this end the tempering or 
humidifying room has been developed. 

Any room of proper dimensions, available, will do, but 
better, a room may be built in that portion of the factory next 
to the assembling department, wood sheathing from the 
floor to the ceiling, and of such size to give the cubical contents 
necessary for the storage of a sufficient number of dozens of 
pairs of outer soles and other parts of the shoe which require 
tempering. This room should have proper window lights to 
permit the free circulation of air, and the entering of a proper 
amount of sunlight, and by means of the Humidor therein 
installed, the air may be kept at a certain percentage of 
humidity without depriving the leather of sunlight and fresh 
air, necessary to prevent "blooming" or "spuming" which 
commonly occurs when leather is stored in a dark room that 



is more or less air-tight, causing of course, the quality to 
deteriorate. 

The tempering room is arranged in a proper manner for the 
storing of leather by means of shelves of pre-determined width 
and height, and made of dowel-pin stock to permit of the 
proper circulation of air. This method of tempering assures 
splendid results, and the leather will be maintained at a proper 
working condition with a minimum effort, and a greater 
increase of value from the shoe-making standpoint. 

A room 20 by 14 by 12 feet, contains 3,360 cubic feet; — the 
Humidifier being suspended from the ceiling, dropping 30 
inches below the same, is operated by a small fan motor 
Electricity may be taken from any convenient electric light 
socket, and controlled by three-speed switch, so that the 
conditions may be readily controlled and varied as desired. 
The _^-inch water supply is taken from any convenient 
source and supplies the water jet, which vaporizes the water 
absorbed by the air passing thru the Humidifier, the maxi- 
mum capacity of which is 26,000 cubic feet of air per hour, 
with a consumption of 35 gallons of water per hour (more 
or less); — at a pressure of 50 pounds — 1 gallon per hour 
is absorbed by the air. The volume of water may be in- 
creased by maintaining a higher water pressure. 

The water control is independent of the air circulation, and 
can be shut off entirely independent of the air current, which 
is desirable to maintain at all times, as it produces a uniform 
effect in the room, all the air of the room passing thru the 
Humidor, and being washed and properly humidified, thereby 
assuring a uniform circulation of the air and condition of the 
stock. A normal temperature of the room is only required, 
the air in the room being circulated seven times per hour. 



16 



AN IDEAL SHOE FACTORY 



POWER AND LIGHT 

If the manufacturer is not confronted by any unusual 
conditions and is free to choose, the facts presented in the 
following schedule regarding these two very important 
elements should receive most careful consideration : — 

Requirements, (approximated): 
20-25 pair Welts per H. P. 
20-25 pair Turns per H. P. 
30-40 pair McKays per H. P. 
30-40 pair Nailed and pegged per H. P. 
40-50 pair Stitchdowns per H. P. 
Electric Motors: 

550 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycle 

Alternating Current 

1800 R. P. M., all departments except Upper Fitting 

Room 
1200 R. P. M. Upper Fitting Room 
720 R. P. M. Exhaust Fan 
Oil Switches for 5 H. P. Motors or less 
Turbine, (Curtis Type): 

For 100 H. P. requirements and over 
For small requirements 

Reciprocating steam engine and dynamo 
Gas engine and dynamo 
Purchased current 
Cost of making power, light and heat 

\ x /2 to 2 cents per K. W. 
Cost of buying power 

Dependent on amount purchased from 1>^-3K cents 

per K. W. 
For lighting alone in most districts the rate is three 
times greater than for power. 



Lighting: 

General Illumination 

Suitably powered lamps and shades at altitude of not 
less than 9 feet 
Specific Illumination 
As conditions warrant 
Millwrighting: 

Standard size of shafting 1-ff inches in diameter and 60 

foot lengths for all departments except upper fitting 

room; 1-^ inches diameter for Upper Fitting Room. 

Sells Roller Bearings for shafting, reducing frictional load 

to a minimum. 
Hangers, 10 to 12 inch drop 
Speed of shafting: 

300 R. P. M. except in Upper Fitting Room 
350 R. P. M. Upper Fitting Room 
Steel Pressed Pulleys are most satisfactory 
Transmission for Upper Fitting Room : 
Link Silent Chain Belt 
Spartan "V" Belts 
Dust Collecting System: 

Slow speed, high pressure is most economical 
Location: outside of building if possible 
20-22 Gauge Piping 
Cost of Installation: 

$30-$40 for every dust making machine, exclusive of 
motors 



The kind of a Power Equipment that should be put in a shoe 
factory is a most important factor to consider. The generally 
accepted method of installation is with Short Drives and Elec- 
tric Motors. The old-fashioned method of Long Line Drives 
belted from floor to floor and then to the engine is no longer 
modern or efficient. 

On using the old Long Drives starting with large shafting 
at the engine end and gradually working down to the small 

18 




3 H. P. MOTOR REPLACING "MULE STAND DRIVE' 
SPRINGFIELD SHOE WORKS 




5 H. P. MOTOR DRIVING 12 HAND METHOD LASTING 
MACHINES AND 4 REX PULLING-OVER MACHINES 



„.,,, if j pipe-stem shafting, an enormous amount 
Old Method , . 7 ' . , . . , , , , 

01 power is wasted in irictional load for 

turning the shafting alone, and waste of power means waste 
of coal and coal is expensive. 

By the use of electric motors and short drives, we have 
the most flexible kind of an outfit, and if increases of output 
M M th rl are contem pl ate d tms flexibility works out 
very simply by the addition of new or larger 
motors, while with the steam-driven plant an increase in the 
output requires a large investment for the new requirements. 
„ f The Alternating Current type of motor 

_, of 550 volts, 3-phase and 60-cycle, has proven 

Motors . '. / J ' K 

the most satisfactory. 

The 550-volt circuit requires less cost to install on account 

of the small size wire which can be used, and this high voltage 

„. , should not be more dangerous than a lower 

_, , _. one, provided that the necessary safetv 

Voltage ' , .... , 

appliances, such as oil switches and up-to- 
date methods of wiring, are used; and as this high voltage 
current will demand such devices, this voltage really proves 
less dangerous than a lower one. 

Alternating Current Motors are most satisfactory, due to 
the intermittent factor of Shoe Machinery, and motors of 

. . . _. this type can be depended upon to take care 

Alternating e . , , , ^ 

„ of instantaneous overloads where Direct 

Current Motors would be soon damaged 

by such abuse. 

A most important question next comes up as to whether 

it is feasible to buy or manufacture electric current. Gener- 

„ f ally speaking, unless one has a requirement 

„ " „, of 100 horse power, it is best to buy, and for 

Power Plant . . „ . 

a larger requirement to install a power plant 

of his own, unless the Central Power Station rate is very 
low indeed. This is a case for figuring. It should, however, 
be borne in mind that a factory must be heated, and to heat a 
building and furnish certain machines with steam, a boiler 
must be operated and at high pressure, for the Goodyear 
Wax Thread Machines require a pressure of from thirty-five 

20 




100 K. W. ALTERNATING CURRENT CURTIS 
STEAM TURBINE 




750 K. W. TURBINE 



Turbine 



to forty pounds; and when one has such a boiler or boilers 

they should be worked to their capacity in order to show 

true economy. 

The Curtis type of turbine engine is a most satisfactory 

installation for a 100 K. W. requirement or over. It is simple 
and compact in design, and is economical 
as well as being modern in construction. 

The Bleeder type permits of the taking of the exhaust steam 

after its first stage in sufficient quantities to insure the proper 

heating of the building. 

There are several types of condensing outfits on the market 

for use in connection with the turbine, and the engineer in 
charge should be best informed as to which 
type would be most suitable in each instance. 
For smaller requirements than 100 K. W. 
a direct connected generator with a recip- 
rocating steam or gas engine might best 
answer the needs of a manufacturer. 



Condensers 



Other Power 
Units 



9 HI LjuSI H»IMLa 


LI 


WLLL I 



DIRECT CONNECTED GENERATOR SET AND 
SWITCH BOARD 



The cost of making or buying current 
should not exceed two or two and one-half 
cents per K. W., except when purchased in 

small quantities. 

The artificial lighting of a factory is a feature which has 

been the subject of considerable study during the past few 

_. . , . years, and experience has proven that, under 

Lighting ... . . ., , 

most conditions, it is possible to provide 

sufficient light by means of general illumination properly 

located rather than by specific lights for each machine. 

Shafting l}f inches in diameter throughout the plant, with 

the exception of the Upper Fitting Room, seems to be rather 

an ideal condition. This should be put up 

• ^^^- ^ m units of 60 feet, and located 18 inches 

wrighting . . i, , , r ~ r 

from the wall and have a span of 8 feet 

between the boxes, 10 feet being the limit for any span which 
we should recommend. 

Sells Roller Bearings are ideal for the boxes, as this type 

of bearing reduces the frictional load to about 25 per cent, 

. whereas with Babbitted Boxes the frictional 

load, under the best installations, seldom 

betters 40 per cent. A 10 or 12 inch drop to the hangers 

should warrant a satisfactory condition. 

The shafting should run 300 revolutions per minute, except 

o j f m tne Upper Fitting Room, for at this speed 

Sh ft" <s the driving Pulleys average a convenient 

size, and the belt lengths to the various 

machines are not excessive. 

Steel pressed pulleys are recommended, and, although 
p .. the first cost is a fraction more, the satis- 

faction and wear are worth the difference. 
The Upper Fitting Room Mill wrighting is special owing 
to the type of bench most universally used, and to the high 

Millwrighting Speed ° f the Upper sewing machines - The 
for Uo shafting should be l-^- inches in diameter, 

F'rf R and snou ^ run at 350 revolutions per minute. 

The shafting should be connected with 

motors by a silent chain belt to insure a uniform speed under 



Dust 
Collecting 



all conditions. The Spartan "V" Belt can be conveniently 
used in connecting two or more benches where a separate 
motor for each bench is not practical. 

A slow speed, high pressure, dust collecting system is an 
economical method of taking care of the dust problem. The 
collector should be located convenient to the 
power house, and the piping should, if pos- 
sible, be on the outside of the building. 
This seems the logical location, owing to the fact that when 
it is put on the inside of the building it takes up too much 
room. In placing it on the outside it is necessary to use a 
somewhat heavier gauge piping, and this should, of course, 
be kept painted in order to make it weather-proof. A rough 
way of figuring the cost of installing a dust collecting system 
is to figure from $30 to $40 for each dust making machine; 
this figure does not include the cost of the motors for driving 
the fans. 




LINK BELT INSTALLATION IN UPPER FITTING ROOM 

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PLAN OF UPPER FITTING TABLES CONNECTED WITH 
SPARTAN OR LINK "V" BELTS 




OVERHEAD EXHAUST SYSTEM 



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TWO EXHAUST FANS ON OUTSIDE WALL, 
ENDICOTT, JOHNSON & COMPANY 



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"SELLS" ROLLER BEARING BOXES WITH SINGLE 

ROLLER STRUCTURE FOR LINE SHAFTS AND 

COUNTER SHAFTS 

In operating a manufacturing plant, there is no one item 
of expense of more importance than that of the "friction 
load" of the power-transmitting machinery. 

That this "friction load" can be reduced from 25% to 
50%, depending upon load, speed, etc., has during the past 
seven years been proven beyond any possibility of doubt 
the only question remaining to be determined being the 
type of Roller or Ball Bearing it is desirable to use. 

A series of tests and actual use, for a period of six or seven 
years, has demonstrated that a Roller Bearing is better 
than a Ball Bearing for transmitting power in a mill driven 
by steam, water or electricity. 



27 




CARTON MAKING EQUIPMENT 



THE AUTOBOX CARTON SYSTEM 



The Autobox Carton System is particularly valuable to 
shoe factories because it assures quality, convenience and 
economy. 

The box is made from a single piece of boxboard, the corners 
of which are retained, and folded across inside the ends, thereby 
doubling the ends and making them the strongest and stiffest 
part of the carton. 

Shoe manufacturers give away a carton with every pair of 
shoes sold. 

Carton cost is, just as legitimately as the leather cost, a 
part of the cost of making and marketing shoes. Therefore 
any saving in carton cost is just as vital; and in most shops 
the saving is easier to make. 

28 



The manufacture of acceptable shoe cartons is not a single 
operation employing a single machine, but a progressive 
operation involving several processes. 

The first operation is the preparation of the box blank, 
which is cut out and scored at one operation on a cutting and 
creasing press. Next follow the gluing, folding and setting 
up, which are performed automatically at one operation by 
the Autobox, and which completes the shell of the box. 

The blank for the lid is cut and scored by the same method 
and on the same machine as the box blank — the die being 
changed, of course. The lid blank is folded by hand or by 
machine as may be desirable, according to the output, and is 
"stayed" at the corners with Manila or Kraft Stock, on a 
Staying Machine, thus completing the shell of the lid. 

Both box and lid shells are then "stripped" with glazed or 
colored paper, the operation being performed on "Stripping 
Machines," of which there are several types, adapted to the 
different requirements of different shops; and the lid is 
"topped" on a "Topping Machine," usually with paper the 
same as the strip. These operations cover the edges of the 
blank and give a finished carton. 

Machines for mixing the adhesives, for slitting the covering 
paper and for baling the waste are usually made a part of the 
carton plant. 

The power required for the operation of the plant is com- 
paratively slight, amounting to not more than three or four 
horsepower in a 10,000 pair plant. Live steam from a half- 
inch pipe is desirable for heating and mixing adhesives; but 
if this is not conveniently obtainable, cold adhesives may be 
used at but little difference in cost. 

The employees, excepting for blanking and for the Autobox, 
are usually women, and most of the operations are paid for on 
a piece basis. 



29 



HANDY REFERENCE FIGURES 

Steam requirements in pounds for heating: 

Goodyear Stitchers 35-40 lbs. 

Goodyear Welters 35-40 lbs. 

McKay & Richardson Sewers 40 lbs. 

Bottom Driers 35 lbs. 

Cost of heating a factory by steam in a climate like New 
England: approximated 

3 cents to 4 cents per square foot of floor space per season. 
Boiler cost: 

200 pounds pressure Babcock & Wilcox Co., about $16.00 

per horse power 
International Engineering Works, Ltd., about $11.00 to 
$13.00 per horse power. 

These prices do not include piping, but do include delivery 
and setting 

Motor cost : 

From $16.50 to $20.00 per horse power 
Turbine cost: 

A. C. condensing type with exciter 

100 K. W $4400.00 

200 K. W 6700.00 

300 K. W 8000.00 

500 K. W 9600.00 

Average price per K. W 26 .00 

Switchboard cost about $300.00 
Condensers (Jet Type) : 

Cost from $1100 for 100 K. W. Turbine up to $2500 for 
500 K. W. Turbine. 
Cost of power equipment including boilers, turbine, switch- 
board, condenser, and motors, but not piping, build- 
ing or smoke-stack, from $80.00 to $90.00 per horse 
power. 

Note: These above prices are average costs only and are subject to 
change with the market. 

30 



Relations of the size and speeds of driver and driven pulley; 



Diam. of Driver = Diam - oi driven x Rev <>* driven 
Rev. of Driver 



Diam. of driven = Diam - of driver X Rev, of driver 
Rev. of driven 






31 



NOTES 



32 



NOTES 






33 



STANDARD APPLIANCES FOR USE IN SHOE 
FACTORIES 

In the past few years the importance of standardized equip- 
ment has been demonstrated to a large extent by the demand 
of manufacturers for indestructible appliances. The metal 
bench legs, metal racks and other such devices, seem to 
fulfill this demand most successfully. These metal fixtures 
become an asset to the manufacturer rather than a liability; 
for they will wear indefinitely, are practically fireproof, and 
because of the fact that they are collapsible they are easily 
taken care of when not in use. These racks, tables, etc., 
are made up in standard sizes, and, if so desired are made 
movable with the best type of non-clogging casters or truck 
wheels; thus making for the greatest convenience. 

Stock racks are made up in standard size units so that from 

c. , n . time to time, as the demands increase, new 
Stock Racks , , , , , , . 

units may be added and the continuity of 

the stock room maintained. 

In most departments of a factory certain hand operations 

require the use of a table or bench. Much can be said to 

rp , , condemn the old practice of using a continuous 

bench for these operations, which consume the 

best light in the less up-to-date factories, and where the 

amount of bench space required depends largely on the 

operator's disposition. The individual table takes care of 

these objections when properly located. Its many uses 

determining its indispensability, are as follows: 

Cutting Room: Inspecting, sorting, matching, painting, 

piecing stays and marking vamps. 

Sole Leather Room: Inspecting, sorting, doubling, etc. 

Stitching Room: Cementing, folding, ironing edges, 

blacking edges, marking for buttonholes, lacing, 

buttoning, trimming and inspecting. 

Finishing and Packing Room: Ironing, cleaning, 

staining, painting bottoms, inking edges, sock lining, 

repairing tips and vamps, bow attaching, vamp ironing 

and creasing, lacing and buttoning, inspecting and 

packing. 

34 



Fixed benches are an important fixture in a shoe factory, 
and a standard metal bench leg has been designed for the 
convenience of the shoe manufacturer. 
These are made in two lengths — one for a 
bench where the operator sits down and the other where he 
stands up at his work. The expense of these is so slight that 
the use of wooden joists can hardly ever be considered. Metal 
legs can be used innumerable times, are always ready for 
use and make a much neater appearance than wood. The 
expense of finding a carpenter and looking for material is a 
decided nuisance as well as a needless expense. 

Many operations, such as sorting, stacking soles and 

counters, etc., have in the past been done on fixed benches 

or tables, so that the work must be handled 

. several times before it reaches its destination; 

such as packing and unpacking on trucks. 

Movable Cut-sole Racks, Movable Sorting Tables, etc., do 

away with this unnecessary handling by just pushing the 

table or rack directly to the operator. 

Movable Last and Form Racks, Shank Racks, Last Boxes, 
Upper-carrying Racks, Bag Holders, etc., are helping to carry 
out this idea of reducing unnecessary handling, which prevents 
the liability of loss of pieces and the danger of mixing sorted 
parts, as well as loss of time. 

On the following pages will be found illustrations which 
depict the various types of equipment which have been 
described in the preceeding paragraphs. They also give an 
excellent idea of the range of uses in which this equipment 
has already found a place. 



35 




METAL SHOE RACK 







1/5T 



NON-CLOGGING 
(FRAME KNOCKED DOWN FOR SHIPMENT) CASTOR 




LONG DOWEL SHELF 




TREEING-ROOM SHELF 




PARTITION SHELF (Long Dowel) WITH COVER 

37 




SHOE RACK FITTED WITH COMBINATION PIN 
PARTITION SHELVES 




SHANK RACK 

38 




"STAND-UP" FLOOR 
POST 



'STAND-UP" FLOOR LEGS 





\ 



FLOOR BRACE 



WALL BRACKET 



39 





'SIT-DOWN" FLOOR 
LEGS 



CUT-SOLE RACK 




MOVABLE BAG HOLDER 

40 




MOVABLE STOCK TABLE 




INDIVIDUAL WORK TABLE 

41 




UNIT STOCK RACK 




UPPER CARRYING RACK 

42 




CEMENTED SOLE TRAY RACK 




MOVABLE LAST RACK 

43 




PACKING AND NAILING RACK 




PICKING UP 



PACKING ON SLANT 



INDEX 

Appliances, Standard, for Use in Shoe Factories . . 34 

Bearings 23 

Bearings, "Sells Roller" 27 

Belt, "Link" Installation in Upper Fitting Room . . 24 
Belt, Plan of Upper Fitting Tables connected with 

Spartan "V" — Illustration 25 

Benches 35 

Building, The 6 

Building, The Light of a 10 

Building, Material of n 

Buidling, Size and Shape of 8 

Cartons, Equipment for Making — Illustration ... 28 

Carton System, Autobox 28 

Condensers 22 

Dust, Collection of . 24 

Endicott- Johnson "Scout" Factory — Illustration . . 9 

Equipment, Mobility of 35 

Exhaust Fans, Two on Outside Wall — Illustration 26 

Exhaust, Overhead System — Illustration .... 25 

Figures, Handy Reference 30 

Floors, Altitude of 10 

Floor, Plan, Ideal Shoe Factory 7 

Hospital at Plant of USMC, Beverly — Illustration. . 13 

Humidifying Room 14 

Humidifying Room — Illustration 15 

Illustrations, Miscellaneous: 

Brace, Floor 39 

Bracket, Wall 39 

Castor, Non-Clogging 36 

Holder, Movable Bag 40 

Legs, Table, "Sit-Down" 40 

Legs, Table, "Stand-Up" 39 

Post, "Stand-Up," Floor 39 

Rack, Cement Sole Tray 43 

Rack, Cut Sole 40 

Rack, Movable Last 43 

45 



INDEX (Continued) 

Illustrations, Miscellaneous: (Continued) 

Rack, Packing and Nailing 44 

Rack, Shank 38 

Rack, Shoe, Combination Pin, Partition Shelves . 38 

Rack, Shoe, (Frame knocked down for shipment) . 36 

Rack, Shoe, Metal 36 

Rack, Unit Stock 42 

Rack, Upper Carrying 42 

Shelf, Long Dowel 37 

Shelf, Partition (With Cover) 37 

Shelf, Treeing Room 37 

Table, Individual Work 41 

Table, Movable Stock 41 

Lighting . 23 

Light and Power, Synopsis 17 

Locker and Wash Room, USMC, Beverly — Illustration 14 

Millwrighting 23 

Millwrighting for upper Fitting Room 23 

Motors, Alternating Current 20 

Motors, High Voltage 20 

Motor, Three H.P., Replacing "Mule Stand Drive" — 

Illustration 19 

Motor, Five H.P. Driving 12 Hand Method Lasting 
Machines and Four Rex Pulling-Over Machines — 

Illustration 19 

Motors, Type of . 20 

Offices 12 

Power 18 

Power and Light, Synopsis 17 

Power, Cost of 23 

Power Plant, Cost of 20 

Power, Other Unites 22 

Pulleys 23 

Racks, Stock 34 

Sash, Lupton Steel for Side Walls — Illustration ... 11 

46 



INDEX (Continued) 

Sash, Pond Continuous, and Sawtooth Roof — 

Illustration 12 

Shafting, Speed of 23 

Storage, of Material 13 

Tables, Cutting Room 34 

Tables, Finishing and Packing Room 34 

Tables, Sole Leather Room 34 

Tables, Stitching Room 34 

Tower 10 

Transmission, New Method 20 

Transmission, Old Method 20 

Turbines 22 

Turbine, 100 K.W. Alternating Current Curtis Steam 

— Illustration 21 

Turbine, 750 K.W. — Illustration 21 

Welfare, Employees' 13 

Windows it 



47 






,^ ^. 








